From the earliest humans to Claudius Ptolemaeus, Galileo Galilei, George Ellery Hale, Edwin Hubble to Geoffery Marcy; the study/science of astronomy and the night sky has always attempted to decipher the sun, the moon and the planets but also our place as humans, within the cosmos.
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Johannes Hevelius
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Portrait by Daniel Schultz
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| Born |
28 January 1611 Danzig, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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| Died |
28 January 1687 (aged 76), Danzig, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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| Alma mater | Leiden University |
| Known for | Lunar topography |
Selenographia by Hevelius, JohannesMachinæ coelestis Vol I by Johannes HeveliusMachinæ coelestis Vol II by Johannes HeveliusThe illustrated account given by Hevelius in his “Machina celestis of the method of mounting his telescopes and erecting an observatoryJohannis Hevelii Epistolae 4Handschrift des Sterncatalogs
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Alexander von Humboldt
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Portrait by Joseph Karl Stieler (1843)
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| Born |
14 September 1769 |
| Died |
6 May 1859 (aged 89) |
| Resting place | Schloss Tegel |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | Freiberg School of Mines (diploma, 1792) University of Frankfurt (Oder) (no degree) University of Göttingen (no degree) University of Berlin[1] (no degree) |
| Known for | Biogeography, Kosmos (1845–1862), Humboldt Current, magnetic storm, Humboldtian science, Berlin Romanticism[2] |
| Academic advisors | Markus Herz, Carl Ludwig Willdenow, Abraham Gottlob Werner |
| Notable students | Louis Agassiz[3] |
| Influences | F. W. J. Schelling[1][4] |
| Influenced | Darwin, Wallace, Thoreau, Whitman, Emerson, Muir, Irving, Ida Laura Pfeiffer, Frederic Edwin Church, Ernst Haeckel, George Perkins Marsh |
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Cosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol I by Alexander von HumboldtCosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol IICosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol III by Alexander von HumboldtCosmos : essai d’une description physique du monde Vol IV by Alexander von HumboldtCosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol ICosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol IICosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol IIICosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol IVCosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe Vol VLife of Alexander von Humboldt Vol ILife of Alexander von Humboldt Vol II
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Pierre-Simon Laplace
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Pierre-Simon Laplace as chancellor of the Senate under the First French Empire
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| Born |
23 March 1749 Beaumont-en-Auge, Normandy, Kingdom of France
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| Died |
5 March 1827 (aged 77) Paris, Kingdom of France
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| Nationality | French |
| Alma mater | University of Caen |
| Known for | |
Traité de mécanique céleste Vol I by Laplace, Pierre SimonTraité de mécanique céleste Vol II by Pierre Simon LaplaceExposition du systême du monde Vol I by Pierre Simon LaplaceExposition du systême du monde Vol II by Pierre Simon LaplaceExposition du systême du monde Vol I by Pierre Simon LaplaceA philosophical essay on probabilitiesThe system of the world Vol IThe system of the world Vol IIMécanique céleste Vol I English TranslationMécanique céleste Vol II English TranslationMécanique céleste Vol III English TranslationMécanique céleste Vol IV English Translation
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Johannes Kepler
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Portrait of Kepler by an unknown artist in 1620.
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| Born |
27 December 1571 Free Imperial City of Weil der Stadt, Holy Roman Empire
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| Died |
15 November 1630 (aged 58) Free Imperial City of Regensburg, Holy Roman Empire
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| Education | Tübinger Stift, University of Tübingen (M.A., 1591)[1] |
| Known for | Kepler’s laws of planetary motion Kepler conjecture Rudolphine Tables |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astronomy, astrology, mathematics, natural philosophy |
| Doctoral advisor | Michael Maestlin |
| Influences | Nicolaus Copernicus Tycho Brahe Pythagoras |
| Influenced | Sir Isaac Newton Benoit Mandelbrot Thomas Browne |
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Astronomia nova aitiologetos by Johannes KeplerProdromus dissertationvm cosmographicarvm by Johannes KeplerDissertatio cum Nvncio sidereo nuper ad mortales misso by Johannes KeplerTychonis Brahei Dani Hyperaspistes by Johannes KeplerDe niue sexangula by Johannes KeplerTabulae Rudolphinae by Johannes KeplerEpitome astronomiae copernicanae Vol I by Johannes KeplerEpitome astronomiae copernicanae Vol II by Johannes KeplerAn account of the astronomical discoveries of Kepler By Robert SmallThe Illustrated On The Shoulders Of Giants by STEPHEN HAWKINGKepler by Walter William BryantJohannes Kepler And The New AstronomySix Great Astronomers by Crowther, J. GNatalis DurretThe martyrs of science; or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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19 February 1473 |
| Died |
24 May 1543 (aged 70) Frauenburg, Warmia, Royal Prussia, Poland
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| Academic advisors | Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara |
| Influences | |
| Influenced | Johannes Kepler |
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Nicolai Copernici … De revolvtioni bus orbium coelestiumAstronomia instaurataThe gradual acceptance of the Copernican theory of the universe by Dorothy StimsonFigure de sistemi del mondo d’Aristotile, Copernico, e TiconeThe Illustrated On The Shoulders Of Giants by STEPHEN HAWKINGNicolaus Copernicus: Making The Earth A Planet by Owen Gingerich, James Mac Lachlanparallaxi orbis annuiDe revolutionibus orbium cœlestiumGuilielmi Blaeu Institutio astronomica de usu globorum et sphaerarum caelestium ac terrestrium
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Galileo Galilei
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1636 portrait by Justus Sustermans
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| Born |
Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de’ Galilei[1]
15 February 1564[2] |
| Died |
8 January 1642 (aged 77) |
| Education | University of Pisa |
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| Academic advisors | Ostilio Ricci da Fermo |
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Siderevs nvncivsDialogo di Galileo Galilei linceo matematico supremoOpere di Galileo GalileiDialogo di Galileo Galilei Linceo matematico sopraordinario dello stvdio di PisaDialogues concerning two new sciencesThe sidereal messenger of Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei and the Roman Curia by Karl von GeblerDialogo de Cecco di RonchittiThe Illustrated On The Shoulders Of Giants by STEPHEN HAWKINGThe martyrs of science; or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and KeplerGalileo Galilei by James Mac LachlanLife of Galileo Galilei: with illustrations of the advancement of experimental philosophy by Bethune, John Elliot DrinkwaterMemorials of Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642Galileo by Bryant, Walter WGalileo and his judges by Wegg-Prosser, Francis RichardGalileo, his life and work by Fahie, John JosephGalileo and his condemnation by Hull, Ernest ReginaldThe private life of Galileo
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Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
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19 September 1749 Amiens, France
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| Died |
19 August 1822 (aged 72) Paris, France
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| Nationality | French |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astronomy |
| Doctoral advisor | Jérôme Lalande |
| Doctoral students | Gerard Moll |
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Tycho Brahe
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Portrait of Tycho Brahe at age 50, c. 1596, wearing the Order of the Elephant
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| Born |
Tyge Ottesen Brahe
14 December 1546 |
| Died |
24 October 1601 (aged 54) |
| Nationality | Danish |
| Alma mater | University of Copenhagen Leipzig University University of Rostock |
| Occupation | Astronomer, writer |
| Known for | Tychonic system Tycho’s supernova Rudolphine Tables Variation |
| Spouse | Kirsten Barbara Jørgensdatter |
| Children | 8 |
| Parent(s) | Otte Brahe Beate Clausdatter Bille |
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Learned: Tico Brahae, his astronomicall coniectur, of the new and much admired [star] which appered in the year 1572Tychonis Brahe Astronomiæ instauratæ mechanicaMeteorologiske dagbogOperum primitias De nova stellaTychonis Brahe Dani Epistolarvm astronomicarvm libriOpera omnia Vol IOpera omnia Vol IIOpera omnia Vol IIIOpera omnia Vol IVOpera omnia Vol VOpera omnia Vol VIOpera omnia Vol VIIOpera omnia Vol VIIIOpera omnia Vol IXOpera omnia Vol XOpera omnia Vol XIOpera omnia Vol XIIOpera omnia Vol XIIIOpera omnia Vol XVTycho Brahe; a picture of scientific life and work in the sixteenth century by John Louis Emil DreyerThe martyrs of science : or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and KeplerGreat astronomers by Robert Stawell BallFigure de sistemi del mondo d’Aristotile, Copernico, e TiconeSix Great Astronomers by Crowther, J. GThe martyrs of science; or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler